REV. DR. STEVE STUTZ
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Theology at the Threshold

The "Field of Dreams" Problem

5/5/2026

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The Missional Secret to a Successful Interim: What Frost and Hirsch Got Right
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Michael Frost and Alan Hirsch wrote The Shaping of Things to Come in 2003. It is a book about the "missional church"—about what happens when a congregation stops asking “how do we get people to come to us” and starts asking “who are we sent to be for the people around us.” It has been influential in church planting circles for twenty years, but it is not widely read in interim ministry circles.
It should be—especially for congregations in pastoral transition and those guiding them.

The "Field of Dreams" Problem

The central argument Frost and Hirsch make is that most Western congregations have drifted into what they call an “attractional” mode—a Field of Dreams ecclesiology: build it and they will come.
The problem is not only that this mode is evangelistically ineffective in a post-Christendom culture. This is not simply a question of outreach method; it is a question of what the church believes itself to be. The deeper problem is that it produces congregations that have organized their entire identity around their own preferences, their own programs, and their own comfort. They gradually lose the capacity to ask the harder question: What is this congregation for, beyond its own perpetuation?

The Anxiety of the Vacancy

That question—what are we for?—is exactly the question that comes loose during a pastoral transition. Yet, it is exactly the question most congregations in transition never get around to asking. They are too busy managing the anxiety of the vacancy to sit with anything that uncomfortable.

I have served four congregations as an intentional interim pastor. In every single one, the presenting question from the leadership was some version of “Who should our next pastor be?” But in every case, there was a more important question that had to be answered first:
  • The Attractional Question: What kind of pastor will we like?
  • The Incarnational Question: Who are we, and who are we sent to be?

Most congregations assume the first question is practical. In reality, it is the second that determines whether the first can be answered truthfully.

Identity Precedes the Search

Frost and Hirsch provide a framework for that second question. They call it “incarnational” ministry—the idea that a congregation’s identity is not self-referential but is always defined in relation to its context, its neighborhood, and the specific people it is positioned to serve.

A congregation that has done that work knows what kind of pastor it needs. A congregation that hasn’t will almost inevitably call the wrong pastor—or call the right pastor into a situation structured for failure.

The Gift of Disruption

The interim period is the moment to do this work. Not because the interim pastor has a program for it, but because the departure of a pastor creates a natural disruption of the status quo. This entrenched habit of ecclesial introversion is best addressed when things are already shaken.

In that sense, the interim is not merely a gap to be managed but a moment of discernment given by God. When the status quo is disrupted, the question of identity becomes accessible in a way it rarely is when things feel stable. People are already asking who they are; the interim pastor’s job is to ensure they ask it seriously, with good theological tools, before the anxiety of the vacancy pushes them toward a premature answer.

Frost and Hirsch may not have intended to write a book about interim ministry, but they diagnosed the very thing that good interim ministry exists to address. Interim ministry, at its best, is the work of helping a congregation recover its sent identity before it seeks its next leader.

If your congregation is in transition, the vacancy isn't a problem to be solved—it’s an opening to be seized. Are you looking for a pastor to maintain the “Field of Dreams,” or a leader who will help you walk into the neighborhood you’ve been sent to serve?


Rev. Dr. Steve Stutz Ordained Lutheran Pastor · Intentional Interim Minister · Certified Spiritual Director
La Porte, Texas · Houston Area
[Contact] · [LinkedIn] · [The Marginal Note on Substack]

 
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    Author

    Rev. Dr. Steve Stutz is an ordained pastor with nearly three decades of ministry in parish, retreat, and teaching settings. He holds a Doctor of Ministry in spiritual direction and serves as an adjunct professor, teaching courses in spiritual direction and discernment. His work focuses on helping individuals and congregations listen more carefully for the movement of the Holy Spirit in everyday life. Through spiritual direction, pastoral consultation, and writing, he explores themes of discernment, spiritual formation, dreams, and the sometimes perplexing experiences that arise in the life of faith. Steve has served congregations in a variety of contexts and currently offers spiritual direction, pastoral consultation, and retreat leadership. When he is not writing or meeting with directees, he enjoys reading widely in theology, philosophy, and the Christian contemplative tradition. Learn more about his work at stevestutz.com.

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